Applications
Cardiac Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, representing about a third of all deaths annually. Most of these cases are myocardial infarctions, better known as heart attacks. In a global report, there were 10.6 million heart attacks in 2018 alone (James et al, 2018). Heart attacks occur when there is a decline in blood flow to the heart which causes damage to the heart muscles (necrosis and apoptosis). Major strides in several biomedical fields especially natural biologic biology have attracted attention towards the research and development of cardiac regeneration after heart attacks. MSCs: Preclinical and clinical studies of MSCs in general suggest that MSC are capable of differentiating into cardiac muscle cells (Xu et al, 2004) or endothelial cells (Silva, et al, 2005) and vascular smooth muscle cells (Gu et al, 2018). However, the beneficial effects of transplanted MSC into patients have proven to be only modest and inconsistent. The MSCs problem seems to be low engulfment rates and low survival rates in the recipient hearts. This is thought to be from being in a non-ideal, post MI environment. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic activity of MSC is mainly exerted in a paracrine manner, rather than via a direct natural biologic trans-differentiation; that paracrine effect is facilitated by secreted exosomes.
Exosomes:Mesenchymal cell derived exosome (MSC-Exo) cargo contains a variety of entities including cytokines (Il-6, and Il-10), growth factors (TGF-beta and HGF), signaling lipids, mRNAs (IGF-1R), and regulatory miRNAs (miR-21, and miR-133b) (Tan et al, 2020). MSC-Exo may help a patient heal themselves by increasing angiogenesis and decreasing apoptosis, which is programed cell death and modulating the immune response after a heart attack (Teng,et al, 2015). Here at Phenicell Regenerative Institute we offer both intravenous treatments of umbilical cord blood natural biologics, as well as pure MSC derived exosomes or a combination of both, to help our patients with cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack. Contact our institute for more information.
- Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is defined by a heart rate increment of 30 beats/min or more within 10 minutes of standing or head-up tilt in the absence of orthostatic hypotension; the standing heart rate is often 120 beats/min or higher. POTS manifests with symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion and excessive sympatho-excitation. The pathophysiology of POTS is heterogeneous and includes impaired sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction, excessive sympathetic drive, volume dysregulation, and deconditioning. POTS is frequently included in the differential diagnosis of chronic unexplained symptoms, such as inappropriate sinus tachycardia, chronic fatigue, chronic dizziness, or unexplained spells in otherwise healthy young individuals. Many patients with POTS also report symptoms not attributable to orthostatic intolerance, including those of functional gastrointestinal or bladder disorders, chronic headache, fibromyalgia, and sleep disturbances. In many of cases, cognitive and behavioral factors, somatic hypervigilance associated with anxiety, depression, and behavioral amplification contribute to symptom chronicity. For further information, refer to the document Regenerative Medicine Options for Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome – Diagnosis, Physiology, and Prognosis.
